The Evolution Of Commerce. - 1097 Words

Introduction The evolution of commerce Like human beings, business is also evolved over the time and is a never ending process. With all the advancements in the current day technologies, commerce is growing day by day. Commerce is all started with House hold economy, where people started hunting, agriculture and domestication of animals like cow, sheep etc. to feed their own families. Over the time, the number of family members increased and their needs. Own economy became insufficient for them to feed their families. There came the Barter system, where the families started exchanging left-over goods with others who need them in exchange of goods which they need. It was commodity to commodity exchange. It continued for years until money economy stage came into existence. It solved all the drawbacks of the barter system and implemented a better trading system. It also helped people to specialize in any form of labor in order to gain more money. With the introduction of money and specialization of labor, people started to settle down at a specific place and villages and townships came into existence. Later they have become the commercial centers and Town economy stage was implemented. It all started with small shops until huge mega malls were implemented. With advancements in technology, e-commerce or electronic commerce came into existence where business is carried out over electronic mediums without physical interactions. It proved to be a huge success since it made overallShow MoreRelatedE-Commerce Evolution2011 Words   |  9 PagesEvolution of E-Commerce E-commerce has become one of the most prevalent changes in the way we do business today. Businesses, before the creation of the web, were typically at a physical location where customers could come, browse, try-on, and purchase goods and services. Some of the disadvantages of this business model were: customers restricted by location, the need for larger amounts of inventory, larger retail space, and more employees to cover customer-service. E-commerce began with theRead MoreEvolution Of Netflix. E Commerce1371 Words   |  6 PagesRaphael Azenadaga ITEC 442 Case Study Evolution of Netflix E-commerce has seen an alarming increase in growth since it was first initiated back in the year 1995. Since its initiation, many companies and businesses have adopted to using the internet as their sole method of reaching customers from all parts of the world and transacting business in a much more simple and secured way. According to Investopedia, â€Å"In the 21st century, the shift to e-commerce has been by far the biggest technological advancementRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Evolution Of E Commerce Essay1847 Words   |  8 PagesREVIEW on EVOLUTION OF E-COMMERCE IN INDIA by MANASWI PANUGANTI A3104614023 B.COM (H) BATCH 2014-17 UNDER THE SUPERVISION of DR.HARSH KUMAR Assistant Professor-3 AT AMITY COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND FINANCE AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA SECTOR 125 - 201303, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA. INDEX 1. Title page 2. Declaration 3. Certificate 4. Acknowledgement 5. Abstract Read MoreEvolution Of Credit Card Fraud Within The Growing E Commerce Industry1716 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Paper_10/11/2014 I examine the evolution of credit card fraud within the growing e-commerce industry. Online Shopping: Risk of Paying More than You Receive I examine the evolution of credit card fraud in regards of the technology or methodology fraudsters used specifically within the e-commerce industry, and discuss various security concerns companies have for establishing online shopping sites. The appearance of credit cards and the growing e-commerce industry in the past decade has providedRead MoreE-COMMERCE: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES INTRODUCTION E-commerce is a type of business600 Words   |  3 PagesE-COMMERCE: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES INTRODUCTION E-commerce is a type of business where individuals, firms and companies engage in business activities over an electronic network mainly internet. It is notable that e-commerce operates in business to consumer, business to business, consumer to business and business to business market segments . The emergence of e-commerce can be attributed to the advent of new technologies, mail order purchasing through a catalog is possible. CurrentlyRead MoreImpacts Of Technology E Commerce1471 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness – E-Commerce Since the introduction of the Internet in the 1950’s, development of technology began for use by the military until it was soon introduced to the public for commercial and private use. Throughout the decades ever since, technology was then on the road to sudden rapid expansion, with a big boom in new hardware, software and internet capabilities such as faster computer speeds, faster internet connections and efficient software. Convenient services appeared such as E-Commerce (or ElectronicRead MoreE Commerce And Its Impact On Todays Economy1054 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"In e-Commerce, your prices have to be better because the consumer has to take a leap of faith in your product.† These were the words uttered by actor, producer, and investor, Ashton Kutcher. It is clear that what Ashton is saying is 100% factual, as it is essential to give customers the best shopping experience by providing with a well-rounded and most efficient website. However, in my paper I will be defining e-Commerce, discussing the types of e-commerce, an evolution of e-commerce and the impactRead MoreThe Challenges of E-Commerce1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe Challenges of E-Commerce MKT552 The Challenges of E-Commerce Today’s business managers face many challenges when migrating a traditional ‘brick and mortar’ company to that which is now known as the evolutionary ‘click and mortar’ business model – that is, a business that operates in the Internet market space. To stand boldly in the face of challenges presented by the networked economy, firms must develop competencies that enable not only high performance market interactivity and adaptiveRead MoreWal Mart s Ecommerce Innovator1062 Words   |  5 Pagescustomer to find low price products in local Wal-Mart stores. â€Å"Saving Catcher† is the service that performed by using mobile app, which creates by @WalmartLabs. It is Wal-Mart’s main strategy that the mobile app plays a huge role of their evolution to digital commerce. Shipping Pass Challenges Amazon Prime Wal-Mart’s greatest online competitor, Amazon, has 6 times greater sales than Wal-Mart on online retailing. Amazon prime brings $1.65 billion revenue to Amazon every year at membership feel of $79Read MoreTerm Project Assignment : 10 / 14 Essay774 Words   |  4 PagesTerm Project Assignment: 10/14 In the beginning of October, the Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Number (ICANN), a nonprofit created by the Department of Commerce more than 15 years ago, was to be given to the global community. In other words, the U.S. government has loosened its grip on its authority of source domains, instead giving the international community more power over the registrars. Proponents of the handover indicate that the transfer of ICANN is â€Å"more of a formality than a

Brief Article Teaches You the Ins and Outs of Problem Solving Essay Topics List and What You Should Do Today

Brief Article Teaches You the Ins and Outs of Problem Solving Essay Topics List and What You Should Do Today All you need to do is tell the writer what kind of an essay that you want to have and the deadline. All you will need is a simple topic. As you proceed through different topics, this format will arrive in handy as you brainstorm the thoughts and structure of the essay. Let's take a quick glance at some of the most fascinating problem solution essay topics for students that will assist you in writing an essay. Let's talk about the simple issue and solution essay ideas. The involvement essays money in solution and the way it can alter the face of our nation. Mental wellness care Sadly, many people with mental illnesses aren't getting the treatment they require. Future results of the problem can be applied as leverage for the call to action. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, along with make sure you are getting the very best service our company may deliver. The new year gives one a whole lot of chances to research different essays and the ways how they are sometimes written. One of the most important challenges which you will face in your early college years is the gluttony of essays which are going to be assigned in a variety of courses. During the duration of your academic car eer, whether at school or university, you'll almost certainly have to write a minumum of one problem solution essay. A problem solution essay seems to be something which not only college students may get assigned. The Do's and Don'ts of Problem Solving Essay Topics List There are even ideas on driving and transportation so you'll be able to detect something which you're able to write about. How to stop drunk driving and deaths because of it You have the chance to earn a difference by means of your essay. Self-driving cars reduce the danger of automobile accidents. There are a lot of problems, even on your own campus, that have to be resolved. A solution essay presents an issue, describes what the writer thinks is the very best solution to the issue, and then supports her or his selection of solution. Write a problem solution essay about exactly what you should do. Then you need to enlist solutions to fix the issue. When you're ready with the problem on your hands, you mus t think over the ideal solution. To fix a problem through writing isn't as simple as it sounds. Once you get your problem, you will need to speak about it a small bit and persuade the reader's opinion that the problem should be resolved. Problem is a question which requires solution. Put simply, locate a situation which will deal with some social, cultural, or historical matter. If you own a topic provided already, click the order now button to file your request. No matter your case might be, ensure each of the body paragraphs analyzes a distinct element of your topic. The main reason is there are basically only two main things you will have to write about in your problem and solution essay, making it so much simpler to research info and structure the paper. All About Problem Solving Essay Topics List Sometimes you receive the problem and you've got to state the difficulties. Should you look around, you are going to observe social troubles that affect society daily. You merely need a couple of problems as remember you don't have a lot of time and you will need to spell out the difficulties. Another significant problem is the development of internet fraud and hacking. Thus, you've got to be quite careful whilst recommending the ideas. Therefore, before getting down to finalizing a topic that interests you, below are some guidelines you want to bear in mind. Persist with the plan which you have chosen. The plan you've got for solving the issue must be strong.

Taken Hostage - 967 Words

Iranian Hostage Crisis The relationship between the American people and their government drastically changed in the 1970s. The people began to distrust their government after The Watergate Scandal, oil prices, and the falling economy. President Jimmy Carter, elected in 1976 was seen by the public as an honest man that was working for the people not for the evils of Washington DC. Carter, being an outsider, grew very popular with the American people. His lack of insider perspective became troublesome when he could not explain his clear motives and direction he was taking America. This not only caused tension within his own administration, but also caused the American people to regain the feeling of mistrust they once felt with Nixon†¦show more content†¦The media had a direct effect on America’s view of the hostage situation. Americans were unaware of the growing power of Islamic forces in Iran and that President Carter was at their mercy and unable to negotiate for freedom of the hostages i n fear of losing control over American interests in the Persian Gulf. The media was very influential in the rising disapproval of Carter. Everyday Americans were reminded that the hostages were still being held because of Carters unsuccessful attempts at freeing them. Farber also writes about the media in Iran. Controlled by Russia, Iran media was loaded with anti-American propaganda that only fueled Iranians hatred towards the American government. Farber deeply discussed the American and Iranian reactions to the crisis. Americans started to pay more and more attention to the news media. The longer the hostages were held, the more people disapproved of Carter. Americans hung yellow ribbons everywhere throughout the country to show support of the hostages. Iranian students at U.S. universities held protests at schools and outside of the White House demanding for the return of the Shah as well as requesting the freeze on Iranian assets to be released. Farber describes the Iranian students plan for the hostage. What turned into a 444-day hostage was meant to only be a three-day sit-in. However with PresidentShow MoreRelatedTaken Hostage Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesHistory 137 Abilities Based Assignment: Think Piece Taken Hostage On David Farbers book Taken Hostage, Farber informs us about the Iran Hostage Crisis and Americas First Encounter with Radical Islam. This book tells us how the United States and Iran got into conflict, leading to the Iranians holding American Embassy members hostage as revenge for them feeling betrayed by the United States. It also informs us about other events that occurred in a decade that caused the United States manyRead MoreAnalysis Of Taken Hostage By David Farber1350 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 4, 1979, seizure of the United States embassy in Tehran and the hostage of four hundred and forty-four days following, were the first steps leading up to the perpetual War on Terror. In the book Taken Hostage by David Farber informs about the Iran Hostage Crisis and the First Encounter with Radical Islam. United States and Iran got into conflict, leading to the Iranians holding American Embassy members hostage as revenge for them feeling betrayed by the United States. It also in forms usRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Taken Hostage By David Farber2240 Words   |  9 PagesIranian students took over the U.S Embassy in Tehran and took people hostage. Over the course of the 444 days the hostages where held captive while the people of the United States voted for a new president to help lead them into a new direction. The people voted for Ronald Reagan. While he was president things didn’t go as he planned as well. The issues with Iran did not calm down and escalated to something bigger. After the Iran hostage crisis, the US had another issues with Iran and it was the Iran-Read MoreTaken Hostage By David Farber1083 Words   |  5 Pagesthis was going on, the media caught the attention of the American people on the story of the sixty six hostages that were captured in Tehran. Soon that became the center of attention. Both in Iran and America, people focused on what would happen and especially how President Jimmy Carter would respond. In his book, Taken H ostage, David Farber closely examines the events that led up to the hostage crisis. He informs us of America’s first encounter with radical Islam and what had caused the conflictRead MoreFamous Incidents in US History841 Words   |  3 Pagesovercome the hard trials that are placed in front of them and then there are those who unfortunately fall victim to a horrible situation. Over the past couple of decades there have been a number of incidents that have occurred where incidents have taken a turn for the worse. While some people claim that this is occurring because of horrible decision making and others disagreeing and claiming it to be best decision that could be made. Regardless of one’s point of view, it is very clear that over theRead MoreStockholm Syndrome : A Psychological Phenomenon1312 Words   |  6 Pagesoriginally identified in 1973, is an often cited psychological condition that may pertain to some people who have been kidnapped. Dictionary.com defines S tockholm Syndrome as â€Å"feelings of trust or affection felt in certain cases of kidnapping or hostage-taking by a victim toward a captor†. As a result, victims sympathize and defend their abuser or kidnapper. Stockholm Syndrome is a psychological phenomenon that has been analyzed in professional articles by various scholars, but is it real? High-profileRead MoreWhat Events Affect Your Life Has Shaped You Into The Person You Are Today?1223 Words   |  5 Pageswas going. That same night, my aunt drove my sister and me to my grandma s house. Among the lights, noise, and reporters stood a long-bearded man at the end of the hallway; it was my father. He did not look the way I remembered. He had been held hostage in the uninhabited jungle for two months that seemed more like two years. In the jungle, Colombian abductors hold their victims neither with chains nor with ropes, but with the fear of their armament. These organizations communicate with gunshotsRead MoreJohn Q Kohlberg735 Words   |  3 Pagesrelease Michael, leading Denise to tell John to do something. Unwilling to let his child die, John walks into the hospital ER with a  handgun, gathers hostages, and sets demands: his sons name on the recipient list as soon as possible. The hostage negotiator, Lt. Frank Grimes stands down to let John cool off. Meanwhile, John and the 11 hostages communicate and learn more about each other. They begin to understand Johns situation and support him a little as he ensures each of them receive the treatmentRead MoreTerrorism and its effects on children Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesemotion. The introduction to this experiment was very intriguing. â€Å"On September 1, 2004, armed multinational terrorists (Chechens, Ingush) took hostage about 1,200 children and adults in School Number 1 in the Russian town of Beslan (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania). The terrorists kept the school under siege for 3 days, during which all hostages were denied water, food, and medication. Hundreds of them were jammed into the school gym, where the heat was unbearable. In these conditions, manyRead More Analysis of a Story in the Newspaper1864 Words   |  8 Pagesnewspapers in the 21st century is not only ‘referential’, ‘ entertainment has become equally important in the battle to win readers’(P.262). In this paper, a piece of news was taken from WiseNews for analysis. It was an event occupied a large coverage in newspaper and caught lots of public attention – The Manila Hostage Incident. I would like to see how journalist presents the story to their readers through looking at its structure and the use of language. Information Flow In reporting the news

What goes up, must come down Try me. free essay sample

When I was 8 years old, I thought I was the stealthiest child who ever lived- climbing up the winding, extended braches of the plum tree in my backyard, doing flips and seeing the world go upside down and back again on the bars on the playground, and flying over the smooth ground on my bicycle were all things I could do with perpetual grace and balance. I constantly felt as if I were soaring whenever I wasn’t touching the floor, it was something I always felt very sure of. Though I was fairly clumsy when I was actually on the ground, tripping and making a quick recovery became an artful skill that did not bother me at all. It was on a perfect sunny day that I was riding my bike and decided to challenge my father to a race around our cul-de-sac and back to our house at the end of the street. We will write a custom essay sample on What goes up, must come down? Try me. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the race began I felt on top of the world on my mountain bike, the world rushing past me as a blur too fast for me to notice the details anywhere except for the end of the road where my eyes were focused and I would soon be turning. However, there at the end was something I would have never expected, a BMW Beamer- perfect and pristine- directly in my path. At that point I had the option to continue straight into that beautiful automobile or veer right and crash into a brick wall. I opted for the wall. As soon as my front tire crashed into the wall my body was propelled forward and my head slammed directly into the brick right before the rest of my body crumpled to the ground. With scraped elbows and knees bleeding, I slowly stood on my feet and rose from the ground, rubbing my throbbing head. Every part of me ached, but I didn’t want to stay on the ground; it was not an option; I needed to get up. Head pulsing, I denied my dad’s pleading offers to carry me and walke d home. The moment I crashed my bicycle my confidence struck a low blow, yet I faced what seemed painful in order to get what I needed. I could have let my dad carry me and taken the easy way out, but I wanted to persevere through the struggle and reach the end because of my own efforts, not someone else completely carrying me. Just as it was my own two feet that carried me back to my house that day, it is my hard work that has carried me through school and will continue to propel me through college. Even after I hit the brick walls in life, I have made a personal promise to myself to get off the ground where it would be easier- and less painful- to lie, and instead, I will continue my journey with the same assurance that eventually I will reach the end goal.

Second World War in U.S. History

Introduction Studies on the Second World War have yielded varied perspectives; according to Erdelja, â€Å"there is no other experience that was more crucial to the development of the U.S. and Europe in the 20th century than the Second World War† (Erdelja, 2009, p. 1). The war marked the struggle for social and political freedom for the entire world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Second World War in U.S. History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The consequences of the war were characterized by chaos, which broke human bonds, destroyed homes and communities, and uprooted foundations of societies. From today’s perspective, World War II was more than the series of battles and diplomatic negotiations, which are widely studied today (Royal Air Force 94). This paper will discuss the World War II in the light of the U.S. history. The paper will describe the role that the war played in shaping th e U.S. government and its policies. The lessons learned due to the U.S. engaging in the war are also highlighted. World War II and U.S. History World War II was the most gruesome epoch ever in the U.S. history. It was characterized by struggles, deaths of many citizens, financial constrains, damaged property and many other challenges in the country. The number of deaths between 1939 and 1945 was estimated to be more than 55 million. The war began on September 1, 1939 when Poland was invaded by Germany. It spread out to the entire world with almost 50 countries taking part in the war and men and women fighting in almost every part of the world. After the war became rampant, Americans became divided on whether to participate or to stay out of it completely. However, their hopes and desires were for their allies to win the war while they remained calm and isolated from the war. While some wished the U.S. could avoid the war at all costs, there was a group of interventionists that deman ded the government to do all it could within its power to help the allies of U.S.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was then that the government changed its policy from being neutral on issues related to the war into being prepared through expanding its military forces and later proceeded to support its allies. The president then made the U.S. to be an arsenal supplier; the U.S. started by supplying war materials to its allies (Teachers Guide 1). World War II was a turning point to the lives of Americans and in the history of the U.S. In 1944, the three great allies came together to invade Germany. In the pacific, the Americans drove the Japanese forces back. The devastating bombings at Hiroshima and Nagasaki followed in August 1945; this made Japanese government to surrender (The Choices Program 4). Impact of the Second World War II to the U.S.A World War II had an unalterabl e impact on the US history and in our present life. The period was characterized by a vast number of families lost through the death of young men and women, those who became crippled, mass deportation, conflicts in cultures, religions, confusion and outright fears. Although the war was away from United States, it had a huge impact on the American society. Undeniable, it was a gruesome time in history and the many incidences from the war presented numerous lessons to be learnt. To start with, its leaders transformed U.S. to be an arsenal and produced vast numbers of war materials. Prior to the involvement in war, its economic sectors such as industries and agriculture had been mobilized to support factories which manufactured weapons. America’s business had become larger with its federal government expanding its power (Ayers, Gould and Oshinsky 766). The war brought about a 10% shift of Americans to war production centers. Japanese-Americans were evicted from their homes and w ere incarnated to relocation centers whilst the African Americans demanded full citizenship. More women were employed into the armed forces and in the factories which were manufacturing weapons (Ayers, Gould and Oshinsky 766). The World War II cost the U.S. approximately $304 billion. The U.S. obtained this money through deficit spending, lending and selling of war bonds. Its debt is said to have skyrocketed from $49 billion to $259 billion in 1945, which remained unsettled until 1970 (Schug 142).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Second World War in U.S. History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other challenges encountered were the concentrations of people in weapon manufacturing centers. The influx resulted to strained community resources. The overcrowding of migrants into war material producing centers made them to shelter in substandard woodsheds and in trailer parks with inadequate sanitation facilit ies. This resulted to high prevalence of communicable diseases, including scabies, ringworms, and tuberculosis among others. With the concentration of people in the centers, confrontation arose. Historians have claimed that by 1943, there were almost 250 racial conflicts. Social evils were also on the rise, for example, African Americans roamed in the city attacking police and dragging white passengers off street cars. There were increased criminal activities which also led to a considerable loss of lives at the home front (Schug 142). Families break ups were on the increase. It was estimated that approximately 3 million families separated; it was estimated that 16 families out of 1000 were separated by 1940 with the rate almost doubling to 27 in 1000 families by 1944. More so, the number of unmarried women rose from 73 per 1000 in 1939 to 93 by 1942. There were fears of people getting into marriage as spouses were being sent to battle fields. Birth rates also increased from 2.4 mil lion in 1939 to 3.1 million in 1943. Majority of which were described as â€Å"good bye babies†; who were conceived for family continuation incase the father died at war (Anon 1). Another challenge was increased and rise of social immorality. Much of the immoral behavior that had become rampant was not evident during the peace times. The war period also witnessed increased opportunities for gay affairs, and same-sex relationships; gay communities in cities such as San Francisco became common. Briefly, the war time swapped traditional gender roles where men lost their roles as bread winners in the family. During this time, women worked to feed their families at home whilst most men defended their nation away from the U.S. (Norton et al. 749). It be should be noted that there were also women who were directly involved in the battle field. Importance of World War II in Americans’ History World War II marked a major turning point for the World history. It was one of the ma jor events in the world that should never be repeated. This event marked the importance of teaching the future generations the impact of engaging in war and the many lessons learnt from the mistakes committed.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Knowledge of the World War II helps one to understand how the contemporary society was developed; knowledge necessary in laying the foundation for tomorrow’s generation. Studying history helps the students to become good citizens and to have knowledge of the past events together with lessons learnt from the mistakes committed in the past. In learning about World War II, students understand the impacts of participating in such events. This way, graduates will perfectly suit to the U.S. society and its dynamic requirements from the citizens (World War II 4). The significance of World War II includes the end of dictatorship ruling in Asia and Europe. America would have been surrounded by enemies had Germany and Japan won the war. More so, the era ushered in the Atomic age where peaceful use of atomic and nuclear knowledge became of importance. Most importantly, the war brought up the need for establishing effective world organizations that would help in solving disputes between nations thereby, mitigating future wars re-occurring. This led to the formation of United Nations with the aim of resolving disputes between nations peacefully (United States History 1). Conclusion World War II came to an end with depression in most of the most powerful nations. The war shaped the U.S. history by making it the most dominating country as most of the powerful countries had been ruined economically. The Office of scientific Research and Development led to inventions and improved commodities such as jet engines and other war materials. The war also placed the U.S. among the most powerful nations. However, it is undeniable that World War II was the most expensive war in history. It is estimated that the cost of the war totaled $2 trillion, and the property damage was about $239 billion with the United States spending 10 times than it had spent in the World War I. Works Cited Anon. â€Å"Virginia women and the Second World War.† Library of Virginia, 2011. Web. Ayer s Edward, Gould Lewis, and Oshinsky David. American passages: A history of the United States since 1865. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. Erdelja, Kresimir. The Second World War: Workbook 4. Teaching Modern Southern European history. New York, NY: Prentice Hall, 2008. Print. Norton et al. A people and a nation: History of United states. Boston, MA: Cengage learning, 2011. Print. Royal Air Force. â€Å"The Second World War 1939-45.† Royal Air Force, 2011. Web. Schug, Mark. United States history: Eyes on the economy through 20th century. New York, NY: National Council for economic education, 1993. Print. Teachers Guide. â€Å"The cold war.† Disney, 2000. Web. The Choices Program. â€Å"Teachers guide for. The fog of war. An Errol Morris Film developed by the choices Program and the critical Oral History Project Watson Institute for international studies.† The Choices Program, 2004. Web. United States History. â€Å"World War II.† United States His tory, 2011. Web. World War II. â€Å"How did World War II affect people around the world?† Teacher Link, 2003. Web. This research paper on Second World War in U.S. History was written and submitted by user Layla Tucker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Corruption and Poor Leadership in Ancient Mesopotamia. Essays

Corruption and Poor Leadership in Ancient Mesopotamia. Essays Corruption and Poor Leadership in Ancient Mesopotamia. Paper Corruption and Poor Leadership in Ancient Mesopotamia. Paper Jargon being an example of good leadership and Naira-Sin being a good example of poor leadership. Comparison of the two kings will be done with respect to their actions and reasons for their successes or failures, and also with respect to the concept of Me. Finally, a conclusion of what constitutes corruption In Ancient Sumerian will be made. Introduction The Me were a set of rules designed by the gods to preserve harmony and order of the universe. Examine the myth of Ink and Inane where Ink gives Inane efferent duties that comprise Me, as well as the proper aspects of collocation. If Me was adhered to, civilization would prosper, but If they were not followed, collocation would collapse. Primary sources: Ink and Inane Secondary sources: Kramer, Samuel Noah. 1963. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. The university of Chicago Press: Chicago. Topic 1 Principles of Good Leadership Examine the Legend of Jargon (Birth Legend and Jargon, King of Ba ttle) Successes and reasons contributing to success. Primary sources: Birth Legend of Jargon, Jargon, King of Battle Secondary sources: Kramer, Samuel Noah. 1963. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. The University of Chicago Press; Chickpea. Lick, Secondly. 2001. Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City. Penguin Books; New York TOPIC 2 Reasons for and examples of poor leadership Examine the Legend of Naira-sin and how he was a disastrous leader and caused the downfall of his civilization. Look at his steal that shows him portraying himself as a divine being. Pay closer attention to the Curse of Aged, which give specific examples of how Naira-Sin caused the destruction of an entire city. Primary sources; Legend of Naira-Sin, The Curse of Aged Secondary sources: Elect, Secondly. 2001. Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City. Penguin Books; New York Cooper, Jerome S. 1983. The Curse of Aged. The John Hopkins university Press; Baltimore. Jacobsen, Thrill. 1987. The Harps That Once Sumerian Poetry In Translation. Yale univers ity Press; New Haven Conclusion Kings should follow Me to prevent the downfall of collocation. Corruption In ancient times could be classified as not obeying Me (I. E. Ignoring omens/gods), as was the case of Naira-SSL. Corruption and Poor Leadership in Ancient Mesopotamia. By iguana Me. Finally, a conclusion of what constitutes corruption in Ancient Sumerian will be different duties that comprise Me, as well as the proper aspects of civilization. If Me was adhered to, civilization would prosper, but if they were not followed, civilization would collapse. Primary sources: Ink and Inane Culture, and Character. The University of Chicago Press; Chicago. Topic 1 Examine the Legend of Jargon (Birth Legend and Jargon, King of Battle) Lick, Secondly. 2001. Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City. Penguin Books; New York Cooper, Jerome S. 1983. The Curse of Aged. The John Hopkins University Press; Baltimore. Jacobsen, Thrill. 1987. The Harps That Once Sumerian Poetry in Translation. Yale University Press; New Haven Kings should follow Me to prevent the downfall of civilization. Corruption in ancient times could be classified as not obeying Me (I. E. Ignoring omens/gods), as was the case of Naira-Sin.

How Income Taxes Affect Economic Growth

How Income Taxes Affect Economic Growth One of the most commonly discussed issues in economics is how tax rates relate to economic growth. Advocates of tax cuts claim that a reduction in the tax rate will lead to increased economic growth and prosperity. Others claim that if we reduce taxes, almost all of the benefits will go to the rich, as those are the ones who pay the most taxes. What does economic theory suggest about the relationship between economic growth and taxation? Income Taxes and Extreme Cases In studying economic policies, it is always useful to study extreme cases. Extreme cases are situations such as What if we had a 100% income tax rate?, or What if we raised the minimum wage to $50.00 an hour?. While wholly unrealistic, they do give very stark examples of what direction key economic variables will move when we change a government policy. First, suppose that we lived in a society without taxation. Well worry about how the government finances its programs later on, but for now, well assume that they have enough money to finance all the programs we have today. If there are no taxes, then the government does not earn any income from taxation and citizens do not spend any time worrying about how to evade taxes. If someone has a wage of $10.00 an hour, then they get to keep that $10.00. If such a society were possible, we can see that people would be quite productive as any income they earn, they keep. Now consider the opposing case. Taxes are now set to be 100% of income. Any cent you earn goes to the government. It may seem that the government would earn a lot of money this way, but thats not likely to happen. If you dont get to keep anything out of what you earn, why would you go to work? Most people would rather spend their time doing something they enjoy. Simply, put, you wouldnt spend any time working for a company if you didnt get anything out of it. Society as a whole wouldnt be very productive if everybody spent a large portion of their time trying to evade taxes. The government would earn very little income from taxation, as very few people would go to work if they did not earn an income from it. While these are extreme cases, they do illustrate the effect of taxes and they are useful guides of what happens at other tax rates. A 99% tax rate is awfully like a 100% tax rate, and if you ignore collection costs, having a 2% tax rate is not much different from having no taxes at all. Go back to the person earning $10.00 an hour. Do you think hell spend more time at work or less if his take-home pay is $8.00 rather than $2.00? Its a pretty safe bet that at $2.00 hes going to spend less time at work and much more time trying to earn a living away from the prying eyes of the government. Taxes and Other Ways of Financing Government In the case where the government can finance spending outside of taxation, we see the following: Productivity declines as the tax rate increases, as people choose to work less. The higher the tax rate, the more time people spend evading taxes and the less time they spend on the more productive activity. So the lower the tax rate, the higher the value of all the goods and services produced.Government tax revenue does not necessarily increase as the tax rate increases. The government will earn more tax income at 1% rate than at 0%, but they will not earn more at 100% than they will at 10%, due to the disincentives high tax rates cause. Thus there is a peak tax rate where government revenue is highest. The relationship between income tax rates and government revenue can be graphed on something called a Laffer Curve. Of course, government programs are not self-financing. Well examine the effect of government spending in the next section. Even an ardent supporter of unrestricted capitalism realizes that there are necessary functions for the government to perform.  The Capitalism Site  lists three necessary things a government must provide: An Army: To protect against foreign invaders.A Police Force: To protect against domestic criminals.A Court System: To settle honest disputes that arise, and to punish criminals according to objectively predefined laws. Government Spending and the Economy Without the last two functions of government, it is easy to see that there would be little economic activity. Without a police force, it would be difficult to protect anything that youve earned. If people could just come by and take anything you owned, wed see three things happen: People would spend a lot more time trying to steal what they need and a lot less time trying to produce what they need, as stealing something is often easier than producing it yourself. This leads to a reduction in economic growth.People who have produced valuable goods would spend more time and money trying to protect what theyve earned. This is not a productive activity; society would be much better off if citizens would spend more time producing  productive goods.There would likely be a lot more murders, so the society would lose a lot of productive people prematurely. This cost and the costs people incur in trying to prevent their own murder greatly diminish economic activity. A police force which protects the basic human rights of citizens is absolutely necessary to ensure economic growth. A court system also promotes economic growth. A large portion of economic activity depends on the use of contracts. When you start a new job, normally you have a contract specifying what your rights and responsibilities are and how much you will be compensated for your labor. If theres no way to enforce a contract like that, then there is no way to ensure that you will end up getting compensated for your labor. Without that guarantee, many would decide it is not worth the risk to work for someone else. Most contracts involve an element of do X now, and get paid Y later or get paid Y now, do X later. If these contracts are not enforceable, the party who is obligated to do something in the future might decide then that he doesnt feel like it. Since both parties know this, they would decide not to enter into such an agreement and the economy as a whole would suffer. Having a working court system, military, and police force provides a large economic benefit to a society. However it is expensive for a government to provide such services, so theyll have to collect money from the citizens of the country to finance such programs. The financing for those systems comes through taxation. So we see that a society with some taxation that provides these services will have a much higher level of economic growth than a society with no taxation but no police force or the court system. So an increase in taxes  can  lead to larger economic growth if it is used to pay for one of these services. I use the term  can  because it is not necessarily the case that expanding the police force or hiring more judges will lead to greater economic activity. An area which already has many police officers and little crime will gain almost no benefit from hiring another officer. Society would be better off not hiring her and instead of lowering taxes. If your armed for ces are already large enough to deter any potential invaders, then any additional military spending drags down economic growth. Spending money on these three areas is  not necessarily  productive, but having at least a minimal amount of all three will lead to an economy with higher economic growth than none at all. In most Western democracies the majority of government spending goes towards social programs. While there are literally thousands of government-funded social programs the two largest are generally health care and education. These two do not fall into the category of infrastructure. While it is true that schools and hospitals must be built, it is possible for the private sector to profitably do so. Schools and healthcare facilities have been built by non-government groups all over the world, even in countries that already have extensive government programs in this area. Since it is possible to cheaply collect funds from those who use the facility and to ensure those who do use the facilities cannot easily evade paying for those services, these do not fall into the category of infrastructure. Can these programs still provide a net economic benefit? Being in good health will improve your productivity. A healthy workforce is a productive workforce, so spending on health care is a boon to the economy. However, there is no reason the private sector cannot adequately provide health care or why people will not invest in their own health. Its tough to earn an income when youre too sick to go to work, so individuals will be willing to pay for health insurance that will help them get better if they are ill. Since people would be willing to buy health coverage and the private sector can provide it, there is no market failure here. To purchase such health insurance you must be able to afford it. We could get into a situation where society would be better off if the poor got proper medical treatment, but they do not because they cannot afford it. Then there would be a benefit to giving  health care  coverage to the poor. But we can get the same benefit by simply giving the poor cash and letting them spend it on whatever they want, including health care. However, it could be that people, even when they have enough money, will buy an inadequate amount of health care. Many conservatives argue that this is the basis of many social programs; government officials do not believe that citizens buy enough of the right things, so government programs are necessary to ensure people get what they need but wont buy.   The same situation occurs with educational expenditures. People with more education tend to be on average more productive than people with less education. Society is better off by having a highly educated population. Since people with higher productivity tend to get paid more, if parents care about the future welfare of their children, they will have an incentive to seek an education for their children. There are no technical reasons why private sector companies cannot provide educational services, so those who can afford it will get an adequate amount of education. As before, there will be low-income families who cannot afford a proper education although they (and society as a whole) are better off by having well-educated children. It would seem that having programs which focus their energies on poorer families will have a greater economic benefit than those which are universal in nature. There seems to be a benefit to the economy (and society) by providing an education to a family with limited opportunities. There is little point in providing an education or health insurance to a wealthy family, as they will likely buy as much as they need. On the whole, if you believe that those who can afford it will buy an efficient amount of health care and education,  social programs  tend to be a deterrent to economic growth. Programs which focus on agents who are unable to afford these items have a greater benefit to the economy than those that are universal in nature. We saw in the previous section that higher taxes can lead to higher economic growth  if  those taxes are efficiently spent on three areas which protect the rights of citizens. A military and a police force ensure that people do not have to spend a great deal of time and money on personal security, allowing them to engage in more productive activities. A court system allows individuals and organizations to enter into contracts with one another which create opportunities for growth through collaboration motivated by rational  self-interest. Roads and Highways Cannot  Be Paid by Individuals There are other government programs, which bring a net benefit to the economy when fully paid for by taxes. There are certain goods that society finds desirable but individuals or corporations cannot supply. Consider the problem of roads and highways. Having an extensive system of roads on which people and goods can freely travel greatly adds to the prosperity of a nation. If a private citizen wanted to build a road for profit, they would run into two major difficulties: The cost of collection.  If the road was a useful one, people would gladly pay for its benefits. In order to collect fees for the use of the road, a toll would have to be set up at every exit and entry to the road; many  interstate highways  work this way. However, for most local roads the amount of money obtained through these tolls would be dwarfed by the extreme costs of setting up these tolls. Because of the collection problem, a lot of useful infrastructures would not be built, although there is a net benefit to its existence.Monitoring who uses the road.  Suppose you were able to set up a system of tolls at all the entrances and exits. It may still be possible for people to enter or leave the road at points other than the official exit and entrance. If people can evade paying the toll, they will. Governments provide a solution to this problem by constructing the roads and recouping the expenses through taxes such as the income tax and the gasoline tax. Other pieces of infrastructure such as the sewage and water system work on the same principle. The idea of government activity in these areas is not new; it goes at least as far back as  Adam Smith. In his 1776 masterpiece,  The Wealth of Nations  Smith wrote: The third and last duty of the sovereign or commonwealth is that of erecting and maintaining those public institutions and those public works, which, though they may be in the highest degree advantageous to a great society, are, however, of such a nature that the profit could never repay the expense to any individual or small number of individuals, and which it, therefore, cannot be expected that any individual or small number of individuals should erect or maintain. Higher taxes which lead to improvements in infrastructure  can  lead to higher economic growth. Once again, it depends on the usefulness of the infrastructure being created. A six-lane highway between two small towns in upstate New York is not likely to be worth the tax dollars spent on it. An improvement to the safety of the water supply in an impoverished area might be worth its weight in gold if it leads to reduced illness and suffering for the users of the system. Higher Taxes Are Used to Finance Social Programs A tax cut does not necessarily help or hurt an economy. You  must  consider what the revenue from those taxes is being spent on before you can determine the effect the cut will have on the economy. From this discussion, though, we see the following general trends: Cutting taxes and wasteful spending will help an economy because of the disincentive effect caused by taxation. Cutting taxes and useful programs may or may not benefit the economy.A certain amount of government spending is required in the military, the police, and the court system. A country which does not spend an adequate amount of money in these areas will have a depressed economy. Too much spending in these areas is wasteful.A country also needs infrastructure  to have a high level of economic activity. Much of this infrastructure cannot be adequately provided by the private sector, so governments must spend money in this area to ensure economic growth. However, too much spending or spending on the wrong infrastructure can be wasteful and slow  economic growth.If people are naturally inclined to spend their own money on education and healthcare, then taxation used for social programs is likely to  slow economic growth. Social spending which targets low-income families is m uch better for the economy than universal programs. If people are not inclined to spend towards their own education and healthcare, then there can be a benefit to supplying these goods, as society as a whole benefit from a healthy and educated workforce. The government ending all social programs is not a solution to these issues. There can be many benefits to these programs which are not measured in economic growth. A slowdown in economic growth is likely to occur as these programs are expanded, however, so that should always be kept in mind. If the program has enough other benefits, society as a whole may wish to have lower economic growth in return for more social programs. Source:   The Capitalism Site - FAQ - Government